Menegroth
Also calledThe Thousand Caves, The Halls of Thingol, The Caves of Menegroth
Menegroth, the Thousand Caves, was the underground city of Thingol on the river Esgalduin, delved by Dwarves and adorned by Elves until it was held the fairest dwelling in Middle-earth. Beren, Túrin and Húrin all came before its throne, and it was twice sacked in the ruin of Doriath.
Description
The Thousand Caves
Menegroth was cut into a rocky hill on the southern bank of the Esgalduin, where the river ran deep between the forests of Neldoreth and Region at the heart of Doriath. There was one way in: a single stone bridge across the water, and beyond it great gates opening into the hillside. Everything else was rock and river. It was less a city than a kingdom's whole life carried underground, with halls, chambers, workshops, storehouses and dwellings running back into the hill in numbers that gave the place its name.
The building
Melian foresaw that the peace under the stars would not last and counselled Thingol to make himself a stronghold that could be defended, and Thingol had no craft among his own people equal to the work. He sent to the Dwarves of Belegost in the Blue Mountains, with whom the Sindar had lately made contact and friendship, and hired them to delve it. They were paid in pearls that Círdan sent from the Falas, and, being pleased with the commission and with the payment, they worked with more art than a wage requires. The delving itself was theirs; the shaping and adornment were shared between them and the Elves, with Melian's own counsel behind it, and out of that partnership came a great deal of what the Sindar afterwards knew of stone-craft and metal-work.
A work of art
The halls were made to look like a living wood. Pillars were carved as the trunks of beeches, spreading into branches and stone leaves under the roofs, and among them hung lamps of gold on chains so that the light fell as it falls through summer foliage. The walls were carved and figured with birds and beasts, and with the shapes of flowers, and the deeds and histories of the Elves; fountains played in the halls and their water was caught in basins of silver. It was said afterwards, in ages that had seen Gondolin and Nargothrond, that Menegroth was the fairest dwelling that any king ever had east of the Sea, and the one thing in Middle-earth that could be compared without embarrassment to the works of Aman.
Thingol's court
What protected Menegroth was not its gates but the Girdle of Melian, the maze of enchantment laid on all the woods and waters of Doriath, which turned aside anyone who came without the king's will. Inside it Thingol held the oldest and most settled court in Beleriand: a Grey-elven king of the Teleri who had seen the light of the Trees, wedded to a Maia, ruling a people who had never left Middle-earth. Daeron was his loremaster and minstrel, Mablung his chief captain, Beleg Strongbow the master of his marchwardens. It was in the throne-hall of Menegroth that most of the decisive scenes of Doriath's story took place: the coming of Beren and the naming of a Silmaril as the bride-price of Lúthien; Beren's return with the jewel in a hand he no longer had; the arrival of the seven-year-old Túrin as a foster-son and his pardon in absence years later after the death of Saeros; and the terrible audience in which Húrin, broken by twenty-eight years in Morgoth's chair, threw the Nauglamír down before the king and accused him, and Melian's words at last cleared his sight.
History
The delving and the long peace
Menegroth was built in the Years of the Trees, long before the Sun rose, in the age when Melian's warning about Morgoth was still a warning about something that had not yet happened. When the Girdle was drawn about Doriath after the return of Morgoth to Middle-earth, the caves became the safe centre of the safest realm in Beleriand, and for most of the First Age nothing touched them. Refugees came to it: Sindar out of the fallen north, Men fleeing the ruin of Dorthonion, Green-elves after the Bragollach, and the widows and children of Húrin's house.
The Silmaril comes in
Thingol's demand of a Silmaril, made to be impossible, was fulfilled. Beren and Lúthien brought a jewel of Fëanor out of Angband, and after Beren's second death and return the stone stayed in Doriath. When Húrin brought Thingol the Nauglamír, the great necklace of the Dwarves that he had taken from the ruins of Nargothrond, Thingol conceived the idea of setting the Silmaril in it, and hired smiths of Nogrod to do the work in his own treasury.
The first sack
The smiths did the work superbly and then would not give it up. They claimed the Nauglamír had been made for their own ancestors and was theirs by right, and in the quarrel that followed in the treasury they killed Thingol and fled with the necklace. Most were hunted down and killed in the woods, but two escaped to Nogrod with a story of Elvish treachery. Melian, whose power had held the Girdle, was undone by grief; she looked once at Mablung, gave him charge of the Silmaril, and left Middle-earth for Valinor, and the enchantment went with her. Doriath lay open for the first time in four hundred years.
An army came out of Nogrod, crossed the undefended borders and forced the bridge. There was fighting in the halls, and the Elves were beaten in a place they had never had to defend. Mablung was killed at the door of the treasury and the hoard of Doriath was carried away. Beren and the Green-elves of Ossiriand ambushed the returning army at Sarn Athrad and destroyed it, and the Nauglamír with the Silmaril came back to Lúthien in Tol Galen.
Dior and the second sack
Dior, the son of Beren and Lúthien, came to Menegroth after his father's and mother's second and final deaths, and for a few years the Thousand Caves were a court again: Dior was acknowledged king of Doriath and wore the Nauglamír, and his wife Nimloth bore him three children there. Then the sons of Fëanor, bound by their oath, sent a demand for the Silmaril, and Dior did not answer it. In the winter of F.A. 506 they came against Menegroth. It was the second Kinslaying, and the worst fighting of it happened in the carved halls. Celegorm, Curufin and Caranthir were all killed; Dior killed Celegorm himself and died of his wounds; Nimloth was killed, and Celegorm's servants left Dior's two young sons to starve in the winter woods, a deed that even Maedhros repudiated and searched long to undo. Elwing alone was carried out with the necklace to the Mouths of Sirion.
After that Menegroth was empty. No one returned to it, and the caves that had been the fairest dwelling east of the Sea stood open and plundered until the sea itself came over them at the end of the Age.
Geography
Menegroth lay in the middle of Doriath, cut into a hill on the south bank of the Esgalduin where the river runs between Neldoreth to the north and Region to the south, and it was reached only by the stone bridge across the water. The road from the bridge ran north through Neldoreth toward the marches and the fords of Aros, and south-west through Region toward the Aelin-uial and the Twilight Meres. Beyond the Girdle in every direction lay the marches that Beleg and Mablung watched: the Ered Gorgoroth far to the north, Nan Elmoth to the east, and the road to the Dwarf-cities over the fords at Sarn Athrad.
Associated figures
Visited
Lord of Dor-lómin
Húrin
House of HadorHúrin Thalion, lord of Dor-lómin, was the greatest warrior of the Edain. He held the Fen of Serech alone at the end of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, was taken alive to Morgoth, defied him and was cursed with his whole house, and sat bound on Thangorodrim for twenty-eight years watching the ruin of his children Túrin and Nienor.
Dor-lóminChief of the Marchwardens of Doriath
Beleg
SindarBeleg Strongbow, chief of the marchwardens of Doriath and the greatest woodsman of the Sindar, was the friend and teacher of Túrin. He followed Túrin into outlawry and into the enemy's country to save him, and died at his hand in the dark of Taur-nu-Fuin, killed by mistake with the very sword he had carried to the rescue.
DoriathLord of Dorthonion
Angrod
NoldorAngrod, third son of Finarfin, held the northern highlands of Dorthonion with his brother Aegnor through the Siege of Angband. He was the first of the Noldor to be received by Thingol as a messenger, and the one who, stung by Caranthir's insult, told the king the whole truth of the Kinslaying. He died in the fires of the Dagor Bragollach.
Dorthonion
Dwelt in
Princess of Doriath
Lúthien
SindarLúthien, daughter of King Thingol and the Maia Melian, was the fairest of all the Children of Ilúvatar. For love of the mortal Beren she overcame Sauron, put Morgoth himself to sleep in his own hall, and won a Silmaril from the Iron Crown; she then moved Mandos to pity and chose mortality so that she and Beren might not be parted. Every line of the Half-elven descends from her.
Doriath, later Tol GalenLord of Dor-lómin
Túrin
House of HadorTúrin, son of Húrin and Morwen, was the greatest and most ill-fated warrior of the Edain. Cursed by Morgoth through his father, he wandered from Doriath to outlawry, to Nargothrond and to Brethil, killed his friend Beleg by mischance and unknowingly married his own sister, and slew the dragon Glaurung before taking his own life.
Dor-lómin; Doriath; Nargothrond; BrethilLord of Lothlórien
Celeborn
SindarCeleborn, a Sindarin prince of Doriath and the husband of Galadriel, outlasted three Ages of Middle-earth as lord of the Galadhrim. He shared the rule of Lothlórien with his wife, led the host that stormed Dol Guldur at the end of the War of the Ring, held East Lórien for a season of the Fourth Age, and at last, when the Golden Wood had emptied, went to Rivendell and thence over the Sea.
LothlórienLady of the Havens of Sirion
Elwing
Half-elvenElwing, daughter of Dior and Nimloth and granddaughter of Beren and Lúthien, carried the Silmaril out of the ruin of Doriath and refused to yield it to the sons of Fëanor. When they sacked the Havens of Sirion she cast herself into the sea with the jewel and was borne up as a white bird to her husband Eärendil, with whom she reached Valinor. She chose the fate of the Elves and dwells on the shore of Aman.
Doriath, then the Havens of Sirion; afterwards a tower on the shores of AmanQueen of Doriath
Melian
MaiarMelian is the Maia who took bodily form in Middle-earth, wedded the Elven-king Thingol and reigned with him in Doriath, protecting the realm for an age with the Girdle of her power. Mother of Lúthien and the only Ainu to have children among the Eldar, she was the wisest counsellor in Beleriand; after Thingol's death she withdrew her protection and returned to Valinor.
DoriathMinstrel of Doriath
Daeron
SindarDaeron, minstrel and loremaster of Thingol's court, was the greatest of all Elven singers and the deviser of the Cirth, the runes later used by Dwarves and Men. He loved Lúthien, twice betrayed her to her father out of jealousy, and after she left the world he wandered into the East lamenting her and was never heard of again.
DoriathCounsellor of Thingol
Saeros
SindarSaeros was an Elf of Doriath, one of Thingol's counsellors, who envied Túrin the king's favour and mocked him and the women of his people at the king's table. His taunts and the ambush he set the next morning ended with his own death in the gorge of the Esgalduin, and drove Túrin out of Doriath into outlawry.
Doriath
Fought at
Lord of Himring
Maedhros
NoldorMaedhros, eldest son of Fëanor, was the tallest and most temperate of the seven brothers, the captive of Thangorodrim rescued by Fingon, and the lord of Himring who anchored the eastern Siege of Angband. Bound by the Oath, he led the last two Kinslayings and ended his life by casting himself and a Silmaril into a chasm of fire.
Himring and the March of MaedhrosLord of Maglor's Gap
Maglor
NoldorMaglor, second son of Fëanor, was the greatest singer and harper of the Noldor, who held the gap between Himring and the Blue Mountains and fostered Elrond and Elros after the Third Kinslaying. Last of his brothers, he cast his Silmaril into the Sea and wandered the shores of Middle-earth in grief, singing.
Maglor's Gap
Founded
King of Doriath
Thingol
SindarElwë Singollo, called Thingol, led the Teleri on the Great Journey, met the Maia Melian in Nan Elmoth and never left Middle-earth again. As King of Doriath he ruled the Sindar for the whole of the First Age, set Beren the impossible price of a Silmaril for his daughter Lúthien, and was slain in his own treasury by Dwarves over the jewel he had once demanded.
Doriath
Died in
King of Doriath
Thingol
SindarElwë Singollo, called Thingol, led the Teleri on the Great Journey, met the Maia Melian in Nan Elmoth and never left Middle-earth again. As King of Doriath he ruled the Sindar for the whole of the First Age, set Beren the impossible price of a Silmaril for his daughter Lúthien, and was slain in his own treasury by Dwarves over the jewel he had once demanded.
DoriathLord of Himlad
Celegorm
NoldorCelegorm the Fair, third son of Fëanor, was a hunter and friend of Oromë, master of the great hound Huan. With his brother Curufin he seized Lúthien in Nargothrond and tried to force a marriage, lost Huan and his honour, and died in the sack of Doriath at the hands of Dior.
HimladLord of Himlad
Curufin
NoldorCurufin the Crafty, fifth son of Fëanor, was the son most like his father in skill and temper, and the father of Celebrimbor. With Celegorm he schemed for the lordship of Nargothrond, tried to kill Lúthien, and was repudiated by his own son; he died in the sack of Doriath.
HimladKing of Doriath
Dior
Half-elvenDior Eluchíl, the only child of Beren and Lúthien, was the first of the Half-elven and the heir of Thingol. He restored Doriath after the death of his grandfather, received the Silmaril in the Nauglamír, and refused to yield it to the sons of Fëanor; in the Second Kinslaying he slew Celegorm and was slain, and the kingdom of Doriath ended with him.
Tol Galen, then DoriathLord of Thargelion
Caranthir
NoldorCaranthir the Dark, fourth son of Fëanor, was the harshest and quickest to anger of the brothers, lord of Thargelion beside Lake Helevorn. He grew rich in trade with the Dwarves, quarrelled with the house of Finarfin, took in the people of Haleth, and died in the sack of Doriath.
ThargelionCaptain of Doriath
Mablung
SindarMablung of the Heavy Hand was the chief captain of Thingol's Doriath. He cut the Silmaril from the belly of Carcharoth, fought at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, escorted Morwen and Nienor toward Nargothrond and lost them to Glaurung's malice, and died defending the Silmaril in Menegroth when the Dwarves of Nogrod sacked the Thousand Caves.
DoriathQueen of Doriath
Nimloth
SindarNimloth, a Sindarin lady of the royal house of Doriath and kinswoman of Celeborn, married Dior, the son of Beren and Lúthien, and was the mother of Eluréd, Elurín and Elwing. She was slain with her husband when the sons of Fëanor sacked Menegroth in the Second Kinslaying.
Doriath
Ruled
King of Doriath
Dior
Half-elvenDior Eluchíl, the only child of Beren and Lúthien, was the first of the Half-elven and the heir of Thingol. He restored Doriath after the death of his grandfather, received the Silmaril in the Nauglamír, and refused to yield it to the sons of Fëanor; in the Second Kinslaying he slew Celegorm and was slain, and the kingdom of Doriath ended with him.
Tol Galen, then Doriath
Peoples
Timeline
- Y.T. 1300
Menegroth delved
At Melian's counsel Thingol hires the Dwarves of Belegost to cut the Thousand Caves, paying them in pearls from the Falas; Elves and Dwarves together adorn the halls as a forest of stone.
- Y.T. 1497
The Girdle set
With Morgoth returned to Middle-earth, Melian draws her enchantment about the woods and Menegroth becomes the safe centre of the strongest realm in Beleriand.
- F.A. 465
Beren before Thingol
Beren is brought into the throne-room and Thingol, meaning to make the thing impossible, names a Silmaril as the bride-price of Lúthien.
- F.A. 468
The Silmaril brought back
Beren returns from Angband and Carcharoth's jaws, and the jewel comes into Doriath and stays there.
- F.A. 473
Túrin received
Thingol accepts the seven-year-old Túrin as his foster-son in the halls of Menegroth, and Beleg becomes the boy's teacher and friend.
- F.A. 489
Túrin pardoned in absence
The truth of Saeros's death is told at Thingol's throne and the king pardons Túrin, who never learns of it in time.
- F.A. 501
Húrin's reproach
Húrin casts the Nauglamír at Thingol's feet and accuses him; Melian's words break the last of Morgoth's lies in him and he goes out to die.
- F.A. 502
Thingol slain and the caves sacked
The Dwarf-smiths of Nogrod kill Thingol in his own treasury over the Nauglamír; Melian departs, the Girdle fails, and an army of Nogrod plunders Menegroth and kills Mablung at the treasury door.
- F.A. 503
The hoard recovered
Beren and the Green-elves destroy the returning Dwarf-army at Sarn Athrad and bring the Nauglamír and its Silmaril back to Lúthien.
- F.A. 505
Dior in Menegroth
Dior Eluchíl restores the kingdom for a few years and wears the Nauglamír, and his children are born in the caves.
- F.A. 506
The second Kinslaying
The sons of Fëanor storm Menegroth in winter; Dior, Nimloth, Celegorm, Curufin and Caranthir are slain and Elwing escapes with the Silmaril to Sirion.
- F.A. 587
Drowned
The plundered and empty caves go under the sea with the rest of Beleriand.
Sources
- The SilmarillionQuenta Silmarillion, chapters 4, 10, 19, 21, 22
- The Children of Húrinchapters 4, 5 and 6, Túrin in Doriath
- Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earthThe History of Galadriel and Celeborn, on Doriath and its neighbours
See also
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