Doriath
Also calledThe Hidden Kingdom, The Guarded Realm, Eglador, The Land of the Girdle
Doriath was the forest kingdom of Thingol and Melian in the heart of Beleriand, fenced from the outside world by the enchanted Girdle of Melian. It was the greatest realm of the Sindar, the home of Lúthien and the refuge of Túrin, and it fell through the curse of the Silmaril within a generation of Thingol's death.
Description
The Guarded Realm
Doriath was the kingdom of Thingol, king of the Sindar, and of Melian the Maia, his queen. It lay in the centre of Beleriand, a country of deep forest divided by the river Esgalduin: Neldoreth, the beech-wood, to the north, and Region, the denser wood, to the south, with the smaller wood of Nivrim across Sirion on the west. Thingol's seat was Menegroth, the Thousand Caves, delved into a rock above the Esgalduin by the Dwarves of Belegost and adorned by the Elves until it was the fairest dwelling of any king east of the Sea.
What set Doriath apart was the Girdle of Melian. When Morgoth's orcs first broke into Beleriand, Melian wove a fence of enchantment around the borders of the realm, an unseen wall of shadow and bewilderment through which no one could pass without her leave, or unless he came with a power greater than hers. Within the Girdle the land was safe and the people lived as they had under the stars. The Elves of Doriath, the Iathrim, kept the customs and language of the Sindar in their purest form and the king forbade the tongue of the Noldor within his borders once he learned of the Kinslaying. Daeron the minstrel devised runes there, Mablung and Beleg were the chief captains of the march, and Lúthien, daughter of the king and queen, was accounted the fairest of all the Children of Ilúvatar.
Relations with the outer world
Thingol counted himself overlord of all Beleriand and granted the returning Noldor leave to settle only in the empty north and east. He dealt with the Dwarves through trade and craftsmanship, refused to admit Men, and made an exception only for the people of Haleth in Brethil, which lay within his claimed borders. Galadriel lived long in Doriath and learned from Melian, and Finrod took Menegroth as the model for Nargothrond.
History
Foundation
When Elwë came out of his long enchantment in Nan Elmoth with Melian, the Teleri who had waited for him gathered about them, and the two ruled the Grey-elves from the forests beside the Esgalduin. Menegroth was built in the second age of the captivity of Melkor, and Doriath became the centre of Elven life in Beleriand through the long twilight before the Sun. Melian foresaw the return of Morgoth, and Thingol armed his people with Dwarf-made weapons. In the First Battle the Sindar held their ground with heavy loss, and after it Melian raised the Girdle, and Thingol withdrew all whom he could gather within it.
Under the Sun
The coming of the Noldor was met with wariness. Thingol received Finrod and the children of Finarfin as kin of his brother Olwë, but when he learned the truth of Alqualondë he banned the Quenya tongue and closed his realm to the sons of Fëanor. Through the Siege of Angband, Doriath was untouched by war. It was at Menegroth that Beren came, after passing the Girdle by fate, and Thingol set him the price of a Silmaril for Lúthien's hand. Beren and Lúthien brought the jewel back from Angband, and Beren lost a hand and then his life to the wolf Carcharoth, who broke through the Girdle with the Silmaril burning inside him and was slain in the Hunting of the Wolf. Lúthien's choice of mortality was made in Menegroth.
After the Nirnaeth Arnoediad Thingol received Túrin as a foster-son, and later sheltered Morwen and Nienor. Túrin's slaying of Saeros drove him to the outlaw life, though Thingol pardoned him; Beleg followed him from Doriath and died by his hand. Húrin, released by Morgoth, came at last to Menegroth with the Nauglamír from Nargothrond and threw it at the king's feet in bitter reproach, before Melian opened his eyes to Morgoth's deceit.
The ruin
Thingol had the Silmaril set in the Nauglamír by Dwarf-smiths of Nogrod, and a quarrel over the possession of the necklace ended in his death at their hands in his own treasury. Melian, her power broken by grief, left Middle-earth, and the Girdle failed. An army of Nogrod sacked Menegroth, but was destroyed at Sarn Athrad by Beren and the Green-elves, and Dior, son of Beren and Lúthien, came to Doriath and restored the kingdom for a few years. When the Silmaril came to him on his parents' death, the sons of Fëanor demanded it, and in midwinter they fell on Menegroth. Dior was slain and Celegorm, Curufin and Caranthir with him, Dior's young sons were abandoned in the forest, and Elwing escaped with the jewel to the Mouths of Sirion. Doriath was never rebuilt. Its forests sank beneath the sea at the end of the Age, and its memory passed to Elrond and to the Grey-elves of later times.
Geography
Doriath's core lay between Sirion on the west and the river Aros on the east and south, with the Esgalduin running through its middle from the north to join Sirion. Neldoreth filled the northern part and Region the southern; the wooded strip of Nivrim west of Sirion and the empty land of Nan Dungortheb north of Neldoreth marked the edges of the Girdle. To the north-east the fords of Aros led toward Himlad; to the south the country ran down toward the meres of Aelin-uial. The hill of Amon Ereb and the Andram lay far to the south and east. The Girdle enclosed the forests only; the outlying lands of Brethil and the marches beyond Aros were guarded by patrols under Beleg and Mablung rather than by enchantment.
Places within4
- City
Menegroth, the Thousand Caves, was the underground city of Thingol on the river Esgalduin, delved by Dwarves and adorned by Elves until it was held the fairest dwelling in Middle-earth. Beren, Túrin and Húrin all came before its throne, and it was twice sacked in the ruin of Doriath.
- Forest
Neldoreth was the great beech-forest forming the northern half of Doriath, between the Esgalduin and the empty lands beneath the Ered Gorgoroth. Here Beren first saw Lúthien dancing, and here Thingol imprisoned her in the tree Hírilorn.
- River
The Esgalduin was the enchanted river that ran through the middle of Doriath, dividing the beech-forest of Neldoreth from the wood of Region and passing beneath the gates of Menegroth before it joined Sirion.
- Forest
Region was the dense southern forest of Doriath, lying between the Esgalduin and the river Aros. Menegroth was delved on its northern edge, and its thickets were the heart of Thingol's guarded land.
Associated figures
Visited
Lord of the House of Bëor
Beren
House of BëorBeren son of Barahir, last of the outlaws of Dorthonion, won the love of Lúthien Tinúviel and with her took a Silmaril from the iron crown of Morgoth. The first Man to marry an Elf, he died twice and returned once, and from his line came Elrond, Elros and the kings of Númenor.
Dorthonion; later Tol Galen in OssiriandKing of Nargothrond
Finrod
NoldorFinrod Felagund, eldest son of Finarfin, was the wisest and most generous of the Noldorin princes in exile. He founded Nargothrond, was the first Elf-lord to befriend Men, and kept his oath to Barahir by going with Beren on the quest of the Silmaril; he died in Sauron's dungeon killing a werewolf with his bare hands to save his mortal friend.
Nargothrond
Died in
Lord of the House of Bëor
Beren
House of BëorBeren son of Barahir, last of the outlaws of Dorthonion, won the love of Lúthien Tinúviel and with her took a Silmaril from the iron crown of Morgoth. The first Man to marry an Elf, he died twice and returned once, and from his line came Elrond, Elros and the kings of Númenor.
Dorthonion; later Tol Galen in OssiriandWarden of the Gate of Angband
Carcharoth
WerewolvesThe greatest wolf that ever lived, bred by Morgoth from the line of Draugluin to be the doom of Huan and set as sleepless guard at the gate of Angband. He bit off Beren's hand with the Silmaril in it, ran mad with the jewel burning inside him, broke into Doriath, and died there in the Hunt of the Wolf, killing Huan even as Huan killed him.
AngbandCaptain of Dogs (as Celegorm's hound)
Huan
Hounds of ValinorThe great hound of Valinor, given by Oromë to Celegorm and brought to Middle-earth in the exile of the Noldor. Fated to speak three times and to die only by the greatest wolf ever born, he forsook his master for Lúthien, overthrew Sauron on Tol Sirion, and died slaying Carcharoth in Doriath.
Valinor, then Nargothrond and Doriath
Dwelt in
Lady of Lothlórien
Galadriel
NoldorGaladriel, only daughter of Finarfin and the greatest of the Noldor after Fëanor, left Valinor in the rebellion, learned wisdom from Melian in Doriath, and outlived every other leader of the Exiles by three Ages. Bearer of Nenya, founder with Celeborn of the realm of Lórien, and a member of the White Council, she refused the One Ring when Frodo offered it, threw down Dol Guldur, and at last sailed West with the Ring-bearers.
LothlórienPrincess of Doriath
Lúthien
SindarLúthien, daughter of King Thingol and the Maia Melian, was the fairest of all the Children of Ilúvatar. For love of the mortal Beren she overcame Sauron, put Morgoth himself to sleep in his own hall, and won a Silmaril from the Iron Crown; she then moved Mandos to pity and chose mortality so that she and Beren might not be parted. Every line of the Half-elven descends from her.
Doriath, later Tol GalenLord of Dor-lómin
Túrin
House of HadorTúrin, son of Húrin and Morwen, was the greatest and most ill-fated warrior of the Edain. Cursed by Morgoth through his father, he wandered from Doriath to outlawry, to Nargothrond and to Brethil, killed his friend Beleg by mischance and unknowingly married his own sister, and slew the dragon Glaurung before taking his own life.
Dor-lómin; Doriath; Nargothrond; BrethilChief of the Marchwardens of Doriath
Beleg
SindarBeleg Strongbow, chief of the marchwardens of Doriath and the greatest woodsman of the Sindar, was the friend and teacher of Túrin. He followed Túrin into outlawry and into the enemy's country to save him, and died at his hand in the dark of Taur-nu-Fuin, killed by mistake with the very sword he had carried to the rescue.
DoriathLord of Lothlórien
Celeborn
SindarCeleborn, a Sindarin prince of Doriath and the husband of Galadriel, outlasted three Ages of Middle-earth as lord of the Galadhrim. He shared the rule of Lothlórien with his wife, led the host that stormed Dol Guldur at the end of the War of the Ring, held East Lórien for a season of the Fourth Age, and at last, when the Golden Wood had emptied, went to Rivendell and thence over the Sea.
LothlórienLady of the Havens of Sirion
Elwing
Half-elvenElwing, daughter of Dior and Nimloth and granddaughter of Beren and Lúthien, carried the Silmaril out of the ruin of Doriath and refused to yield it to the sons of Fëanor. When they sacked the Havens of Sirion she cast herself into the sea with the jewel and was borne up as a white bird to her husband Eärendil, with whom she reached Valinor. She chose the fate of the Elves and dwells on the shore of Aman.
Doriath, then the Havens of Sirion; afterwards a tower on the shores of AmanLady of Dor-lómin
Morwen
House of BëorMorwen Eledhwen, daughter of Baragund of the House of Bëor, was the wife of Húrin and the mother of Túrin and Nienor. Proud, beautiful and unbending, she held her house in Dor-lómin under the Easterlings for more than twenty years and died at the grave of her children beside the Teiglin.
Dor-lómin- House of Hador
Nienor, daughter of Húrin and Morwen, was born after her father's capture and never knew her brother Túrin. Robbed of her memory by Glaurung, she was found by the woodmen of Brethil, named Níniel, and married Túrin unknowing. When the dying dragon restored her memory she threw herself into the Teiglin.
Dor-lómin; Doriath; Brethil King of the Woodland Realm
Thranduil
SindarThranduil, son of Oropher, ruled the Silvan Elves of northern Mirkwood from underground halls for the whole of the Third Age. He led the remnant of his father's host home from the Last Alliance, imprisoned Thorin's company, fought at the Battle of Five Armies, held Gollum as a prisoner, and in the War of the Ring defeated the assault of Dol Guldur under his own trees.
The Woodland Realm in northern MirkwoodMinstrel of Doriath
Daeron
SindarDaeron, minstrel and loremaster of Thingol's court, was the greatest of all Elven singers and the deviser of the Cirth, the runes later used by Dwarves and Men. He loved Lúthien, twice betrayed her to her father out of jealousy, and after she left the world he wandered into the East lamenting her and was never heard of again.
DoriathLord of Nan Elmoth
Eöl
SindarEöl the Dark Elf, a kinsman of Thingol who chose the shadowed wood of Nan Elmoth over Doriath, was a smith of surpassing skill who forged the black swords Anglachel and Anguirel. He took Aredhel of Gondolin as his wife, fathered Maeglin, and when they escaped him he followed them to the hidden city, killed Aredhel with a poisoned javelin meant for their son, and was thrown from the walls.
Nan ElmothCaptain of Doriath
Mablung
SindarMablung of the Heavy Hand was the chief captain of Thingol's Doriath. He cut the Silmaril from the belly of Carcharoth, fought at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, escorted Morwen and Nienor toward Nargothrond and lost them to Glaurung's malice, and died defending the Silmaril in Menegroth when the Dwarves of Nogrod sacked the Thousand Caves.
DoriathKing of the Silvan Elves of Greenwood the Great
Oropher
SindarOropher, a Sindarin lord of Doriath, led his people east after the drowning of Beleriand and was taken as king by the Silvan Elves of Greenwood the Great. He founded the Woodland Realm, withdrew it northward from Dwarves and Noldor alike, and died in a rash charge at the Battle of Dagorlad, leaving the crown to his son Thranduil.
Greenwood the GreatCounsellor of Thingol
Saeros
SindarSaeros was an Elf of Doriath, one of Thingol's counsellors, who envied Túrin the king's favour and mocked him and the women of his people at the king's table. His taunts and the ambush he set the next morning ended with his own death in the gorge of the Esgalduin, and drove Túrin out of Doriath into outlawry.
Doriath
Ruled
King of Doriath
Thingol
SindarElwë Singollo, called Thingol, led the Teleri on the Great Journey, met the Maia Melian in Nan Elmoth and never left Middle-earth again. As King of Doriath he ruled the Sindar for the whole of the First Age, set Beren the impossible price of a Silmaril for his daughter Lúthien, and was slain in his own treasury by Dwarves over the jewel he had once demanded.
DoriathKing of Doriath
Dior
Half-elvenDior Eluchíl, the only child of Beren and Lúthien, was the first of the Half-elven and the heir of Thingol. He restored Doriath after the death of his grandfather, received the Silmaril in the Nauglamír, and refused to yield it to the sons of Fëanor; in the Second Kinslaying he slew Celegorm and was slain, and the kingdom of Doriath ended with him.
Tol Galen, then DoriathQueen of Doriath
Melian
MaiarMelian is the Maia who took bodily form in Middle-earth, wedded the Elven-king Thingol and reigned with him in Doriath, protecting the realm for an age with the Girdle of her power. Mother of Lúthien and the only Ainu to have children among the Eldar, she was the wisest counsellor in Beleriand; after Thingol's death she withdrew her protection and returned to Valinor.
DoriathQueen of Doriath
Nimloth
SindarNimloth, a Sindarin lady of the royal house of Doriath and kinswoman of Celeborn, married Dior, the son of Beren and Lúthien, and was the mother of Eluréd, Elurín and Elwing. She was slain with her husband when the sons of Fëanor sacked Menegroth in the Second Kinslaying.
Doriath
Fought at
Warden of the Gate of Angband
Carcharoth
WerewolvesThe greatest wolf that ever lived, bred by Morgoth from the line of Draugluin to be the doom of Huan and set as sleepless guard at the gate of Angband. He bit off Beren's hand with the Silmaril in it, ran mad with the jewel burning inside him, broke into Doriath, and died there in the Hunt of the Wolf, killing Huan even as Huan killed him.
Angband
Peoples
Timeline
- Y.T. 1150
Thingol and Melian rule the Sindar
The Teleri who stayed behind gather about Elwë and Melian in the forests of central Beleriand.
- Y.T. 1300
Menegroth built
The Dwarves of Belegost delve the Thousand Caves for Thingol.
- Y.T. 1497
The Girdle of Melian
After the First Battle of Beleriand, Melian fences Doriath with enchantment.
- F.A. 7
Thingol bans the Noldorin tongue
Learning of the Kinslaying, Thingol forbids Quenya throughout his realm.
- F.A. 465
Beren comes to Menegroth
Beren passes the Girdle and Thingol demands a Silmaril as the price of Lúthien.
- F.A. 467
The Hunting of the Wolf
Carcharoth breaks into Doriath and is slain; Beren dies and Lúthien follows him.
- F.A. 473
Túrin fostered
Thingol receives Túrin son of Húrin as a foster-son.
- F.A. 501
Húrin brings the Nauglamír
Húrin casts the treasure of Nargothrond before Thingol; Melian shows him the truth.
- F.A. 502
Death of Thingol and sack of Menegroth
The Dwarves of Nogrod slay Thingol; Melian departs, the Girdle fails, and the Dwarves plunder Menegroth.
- F.A. 503
Dior restores the realm
Dior Eluchíl comes to Doriath and rules for a few years.
- F.A. 506
The second Kinslaying
The sons of Fëanor attack Menegroth; Dior is slain and Doriath is destroyed.
Sources
- The SilmarillionQuenta Silmarillion, chapters 4, 10, 15, 19, 21, 22
- The Children of Húrinchapters 4, 5, 9, 15
- Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earthNarn i Chîn Húrin, on Túrin in Doriath
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