Gondolin
Also calledOndolindë, The Hidden City, The Hidden Rock, The City of Seven Names
Gondolin was the hidden city of Turgon, built on a hill in a secret vale within the Encircling Mountains and modelled on Tirion in Aman. It endured for nearly four hundred years unseen by Morgoth, until Maeglin's treachery brought the armies of Angband over the mountains and the city was destroyed.
Description
The city on the hill
Gondolin stood on Amon Gwareth, the Hill of Watch, a great rock rising out of the middle of Tumladen, the flat green vale enclosed by the Echoriath. The vale had once been a lake, and the hill its island; the Noldor smoothed and polished the rock's sides until they were sheer as glass, and on its crown raised a white city with walls, gates and towers, and stairs cut down to the plain below. Turgon built it in memory of Tirion on Túna, the city of his birth, and on the hill's summit stood the Tower of the King with the fountains before it and, at its foot, the images of the Two Trees that Turgon himself had made in gold and silver, Glingal and Belthil.
The city could be entered only by the hidden way of the Dry River and the ravine of Orfalch Echor, which climbed through seven successive gates, each greater than the last, to open at the head of the vale. Within, the people were organised in twelve houses, each with its lord, its device and its place in the array of war, among them the House of the King, the Fountain under Ecthelion, the Golden Flower under Glorfindel, and the House of the Mole under Maeglin. The Gondolindrim were Noldor for the most part, with many Sindar of Nevrast who had followed Turgon, and after four centuries of shared life the whole people spoke the Grey-elven tongue, though the High Speech was kept alive in the royal house.
A city apart
Gondolin's law was secrecy. No one who found the way in was allowed to leave, and Turgon refused to join the wars of his kin except at the Nirnaeth, when he brought ten thousand out through the mountains. He also sent ships west to seek the pardon of the Valar, but none returned save the ship of which Voronwë was the sole survivor. Among those admitted from outside were Aredhel returning with her son Maeglin, Húrin and Huor as boys, carried in by the Eagles and allowed to go home under oath, and at the last Tuor, whom Ulmo sent with a warning. Its fame in later ages was such that the Elves of Rivendell still remembered the swords forged for the goblin-wars of Gondolin, and Elrond was the great-grandson of its king.
History
Founding
In the early years of the Siege of Angband, Ulmo came to Turgon in Nevrast and led him to the hidden vale. Turgon began to build in secret, with only his own people knowing of the work, and when after some fifty years the city was ready he brought his whole household out of Vinyamar by night, leaving the coast empty. Ulmo set his power in the waters of Sirion to hide the way, and the Eagles of Thorondor on the Crissaegrim kept all spies from the mountains. Turgon also received from Ulmo a warning that the city would stand only so long as its people did not love the work of their hands more than the hope of the West, and that the true hope of the Noldor lay in the Sea.
The long peace
For nearly two centuries Gondolin knew nothing of the wars outside. Aredhel, Turgon's sister, grew restless and left; she returned years later with Maeglin, her son by Eöl, and Eöl, who followed her, killed her with a poisoned dart meant for their son and was cast from the walls. Maeglin grew high in the king's counsel and desired Idril, Turgon's daughter, whom by Elven law he could not wed. When the Dagor Bragollach ended the Siege, Thorondor brought Fingolfin's body to the mountains north of the vale, and Turgon, hearing of the disaster, strengthened the guard and began to send ships west.
The Nirnaeth and the end of secrecy
Turgon marched out to the Battle of Unnumbered Tears with the whole strength of Gondolin, the only time its army fought in the open. His coming turned the western wing, but the day was lost, and Huor and the men of Dor-lómin died holding the Fen of Serech so that Turgon could withdraw. Fingon fell, and Turgon became High King of the Noldor. Húrin, captured, knew where the city lay but never revealed it, and when Morgoth released him and he cried out at the mountains for admittance, his cry told Morgoth's spies roughly where to look.
Tuor and the warning
Ulmo sent Tuor, Huor's son, through the Seven Gates with Turgon's own arms from Vinyamar and a message: abandon the city and go down to the Sea. Turgon, proud of his work and trusting the mountains, refused, but he welcomed Tuor, who married Idril, and their son Eärendil was born in the city. Idril, foreseeing evil, had a secret tunnel dug northward from her house beneath the walls. Maeglin, mining beyond the mountains against the king's command, was captured and tortured in Angband and bought his life by revealing the city's position and the ways over the hills; he was sent back to await Morgoth's coming.
The fall
In the summer of the year 510, at a festival, the armies of Angband came over the northern heights of the Echoriath with Balrogs, dragons and countless orcs. The houses of Gondolin fought street by street. Ecthelion slew Gothmog at the king's fountain and died with him; Tuor threw Maeglin from the walls; Turgon died in his tower when it fell. Tuor and Idril led the survivors through Idril's tunnel and up to the Cirith Thoronath, where Glorfindel killed a Balrog at the cost of his own life and the Eagles drove off the pursuit. The remnant came at last to the Mouths of Sirion. The city itself was burned and cast down, and its ruins went under the sea with the rest of Beleriand.
Geography
Gondolin lay within the ring of the Echoriath, south of Ard-galen and east of the upper vale of Sirion, roughly midway between Tol Sirion and the western edge of Dorthonion. The Dry River entered the mountains from the Sirion side; the Eagles' peaks were on the north; and it was over the northern mountains that the army of Angband came. The secret way of escape ran northward under the plain to the pass of Cirith Thoronath in the north-eastern wall.
Associated figures
Born in
Lord of Arvernien
Eärendil
Half-elvenEärendil, son of Tuor and Idril of Gondolin and husband of Elwing, was the mariner who, bearing a Silmaril on his brow, crossed the Shadowy Seas that no ship had passed, stood before the Valar in Valinor, and won the aid of the West against Morgoth. He never came back to mortal shores: his ship Vingilot was raised into the sky, and the light of the jewel he carries is the Evening Star.
Arvernien and the Havens of Sirion; afterwards the heavens
Visited
Lord of Dor-lómin
Húrin
House of HadorHúrin Thalion, lord of Dor-lómin, was the greatest warrior of the Edain. He held the Fen of Serech alone at the end of the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, was taken alive to Morgoth, defied him and was cursed with his whole house, and sat bound on Thangorodrim for twenty-eight years watching the ruin of his children Túrin and Nienor.
Dor-lómin- House of Hador
Huor, younger son of Galdor of Dor-lómin, was carried with his brother Húrin to Gondolin as a boy and fell beside him holding the Fen of Serech in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad. Before he died he foretold to Turgon that a new star would rise from their two houses; his son, born after his death, was Tuor, father of Eärendil.
Dor-lómin King of the Eagles of the Crissaegrim
Thorondor
Great EaglesKing of the Great Eagles of the First Age and the mightiest bird that ever flew, with wings that spanned thirty fathoms. Sent by Manwë to watch over the exiled Noldor, he rescued Maedhros from Thangorodrim, bore away the body of Fingolfin, guarded Gondolin, carried Beren and Lúthien from the gate of Angband, and led the eagles against the dragons in the War of Wrath.
Crissaegrim, in the Encircling Mountains
Dwelt in
Lord of the House of Hador
Tuor
House of HadorTuor son of Huor, born after his father's death at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, was raised by Grey-elves in Mithrim, enslaved by Easterlings, and chosen by Ulmo to carry his warning to the hidden city of Gondolin. There he married Turgon's daughter Idril, fathered Eärendil, and led the survivors out of the city's fall. At the end of his life he sailed into the West, and alone of Men he is said to have been numbered among the Elves.
Hithlum; Gondolin; the Havens of SirionPrincess of the Noldor
Aredhel
NoldorAredhel, the White Lady of the Noldor, was the daughter of Fingolfin and sister of Fingon and Turgon, a restless huntress who left Gondolin, was taken to wife by the Dark Elf Eöl, and bore him Maeglin. Fleeing back to Gondolin, she died of a poisoned javelin her husband had thrown at their son.
GondolinLord of the House of the Golden Flower
Glorfindel
NoldorGlorfindel was lord of the House of the Golden Flower in Gondolin, golden-haired and reckoned among the mightiest of the Noldor of the Hidden City. He died killing a Balrog above the pass of Cirith Thoronath so that the refugees of Gondolin could escape, and by long tradition he is the same Glorfindel who returned to Middle-earth, routed the Witch-king at Fornost, carried Frodo to the Ford of Bruinen, and sat at the Council of Elrond.
Gondolin, later RivendellPrincess of Gondolin
Idril
NoldorIdril Celebrindal, only child of Turgon of Gondolin, married the mortal Tuor and bore Eärendil, the mariner who saved both kindreds. Her foresight built the secret way out of the hidden city, and by it she led the survivors of Gondolin's fall to safety. She was the second union of Elves and Men, and the ancestress of the Half-elven.
GondolinLord of the House of the Mole
Maeglin
NoldorMaeglin was the son of Eöl the Dark Elf and Aredhel of the Noldor, born in the shadowed wood of Nan Elmoth and brought by his mother to Gondolin, where he rose to be the greatest of Turgon's counsellors. His unlawful desire for his cousin Idril soured into hatred; taken alive by Orcs, he bought his own life and the promise of Idril by telling Morgoth where the hidden city lay, and Tuor threw him from its walls when it burned.
GondolinLord of the House of the Fountain
Ecthelion
NoldorEcthelion of the Fountain was lord of one of the twelve houses of Gondolin and the warden of its Great Gate, a captain famous for the beauty of his voice and the music of his people's flutes. When the Hidden City was stormed he held the square before the king's tower against the Balrogs, and there he and Gothmog their lord destroyed each other.
GondolinMariner of Gondolin
Voronwë
NoldorVoronwë, son of Aranwë of Gondolin, was the only survivor of the ships Turgon sent to seek Valinor. Spared by Ulmo and cast ashore at Nevrast, he met Tuor at Vinyamar and guided him through the Fell Winter to the hidden city, so that Ulmo's warning reached Turgon.
Gondolin
Fought at
Lord of the House of Hador
Tuor
House of HadorTuor son of Huor, born after his father's death at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, was raised by Grey-elves in Mithrim, enslaved by Easterlings, and chosen by Ulmo to carry his warning to the hidden city of Gondolin. There he married Turgon's daughter Idril, fathered Eärendil, and led the survivors out of the city's fall. At the end of his life he sailed into the West, and alone of Men he is said to have been numbered among the Elves.
Hithlum; Gondolin; the Havens of SirionLord of the House of the Golden Flower
Glorfindel
NoldorGlorfindel was lord of the House of the Golden Flower in Gondolin, golden-haired and reckoned among the mightiest of the Noldor of the Hidden City. He died killing a Balrog above the pass of Cirith Thoronath so that the refugees of Gondolin could escape, and by long tradition he is the same Glorfindel who returned to Middle-earth, routed the Witch-king at Fornost, carried Frodo to the Ford of Bruinen, and sat at the Council of Elrond.
Gondolin, later RivendellLord of Balrogs
Gothmog
BalrogsGothmog was the Lord of Balrogs and high-captain of Angband, the deadliest of Morgoth's servants in battle. He gave Fëanor his death-wounds, killed the High King Fingon and took Húrin captive at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and led the assault on Gondolin, where he and Ecthelion of the Fountain slew each other.
Angband
Founded
King of Gondolin
Turgon
NoldorTurgon, second son of Fingolfin, was the founder and king of the hidden city of Gondolin, built in secret at Ulmo's prompting and kept from Morgoth for nearly four centuries. He became High King of the Noldor after the Nirnaeth, received Tuor and Ulmo's warning, and died when the city fell through the treason of his nephew Maeglin.
GondolinLord of Waters
Ulmo
ValarUlmo is the Lord of Waters, second in majesty only to Manwë among the Valar, who dwells alone in the deep seas rather than in Valinor. He never abandoned Middle-earth, and through streams, rivers and dreams he counselled the Elves and Men of Beleriand, above all Turgon of Gondolin and Tuor.
The seas and all waters of Arda
Ruled
King of Gondolin
Turgon
NoldorTurgon, second son of Fingolfin, was the founder and king of the hidden city of Gondolin, built in secret at Ulmo's prompting and kept from Morgoth for nearly four centuries. He became High King of the Noldor after the Nirnaeth, received Tuor and Ulmo's warning, and died when the city fell through the treason of his nephew Maeglin.
Gondolin
Died in
King of Gondolin
Turgon
NoldorTurgon, second son of Fingolfin, was the founder and king of the hidden city of Gondolin, built in secret at Ulmo's prompting and kept from Morgoth for nearly four centuries. He became High King of the Noldor after the Nirnaeth, received Tuor and Ulmo's warning, and died when the city fell through the treason of his nephew Maeglin.
GondolinPrincess of the Noldor
Aredhel
NoldorAredhel, the White Lady of the Noldor, was the daughter of Fingolfin and sister of Fingon and Turgon, a restless huntress who left Gondolin, was taken to wife by the Dark Elf Eöl, and bore him Maeglin. Fleeing back to Gondolin, she died of a poisoned javelin her husband had thrown at their son.
GondolinLord of Balrogs
Gothmog
BalrogsGothmog was the Lord of Balrogs and high-captain of Angband, the deadliest of Morgoth's servants in battle. He gave Fëanor his death-wounds, killed the High King Fingon and took Húrin captive at the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, and led the assault on Gondolin, where he and Ecthelion of the Fountain slew each other.
AngbandLord of the House of the Mole
Maeglin
NoldorMaeglin was the son of Eöl the Dark Elf and Aredhel of the Noldor, born in the shadowed wood of Nan Elmoth and brought by his mother to Gondolin, where he rose to be the greatest of Turgon's counsellors. His unlawful desire for his cousin Idril soured into hatred; taken alive by Orcs, he bought his own life and the promise of Idril by telling Morgoth where the hidden city lay, and Tuor threw him from its walls when it burned.
GondolinLord of the House of the Fountain
Ecthelion
NoldorEcthelion of the Fountain was lord of one of the twelve houses of Gondolin and the warden of its Great Gate, a captain famous for the beauty of his voice and the music of his people's flutes. When the Hidden City was stormed he held the square before the king's tower against the Balrogs, and there he and Gothmog their lord destroyed each other.
GondolinLord of Nan Elmoth
Eöl
SindarEöl the Dark Elf, a kinsman of Thingol who chose the shadowed wood of Nan Elmoth over Doriath, was a smith of surpassing skill who forged the black swords Anglachel and Anguirel. He took Aredhel of Gondolin as his wife, fathered Maeglin, and when they escaped him he followed them to the hidden city, killed Aredhel with a poisoned javelin meant for their son, and was thrown from the walls.
Nan Elmoth
Buried in
Princess of the Noldor
Aredhel
NoldorAredhel, the White Lady of the Noldor, was the daughter of Fingolfin and sister of Fingon and Turgon, a restless huntress who left Gondolin, was taken to wife by the Dark Elf Eöl, and bore him Maeglin. Fleeing back to Gondolin, she died of a poisoned javelin her husband had thrown at their son.
Gondolin
Peoples
Timeline
- F.A. 50
Ulmo reveals Tumladen
Turgon is led to the hidden vale and begins to plan the city.
- F.A. 52
Building begins
The Noldor of Nevrast start work on the city in secret.
- F.A. 116
Gondolin occupied
Turgon removes his people from Vinyamar to the completed city, and Nevrast is left empty.
- F.A. 316
Aredhel departs
Turgon's sister leaves the city seeking the sons of Fëanor and is lost in Nan Elmoth.
- F.A. 400
Aredhel returns with Maeglin
Eöl follows them, slays Aredhel, and is executed; Maeglin is received into the king's household.
- F.A. 458
Húrin and Huor in Gondolin
The Eagles bring the young brothers into the city; they stay a year and are allowed to go home under oath of secrecy.
- F.A. 472
The army marches out
Turgon leads ten thousand to the Nirnaeth Arnoediad and becomes High King on Fingon's death.
- F.A. 496
Tuor delivers Ulmo's warning
Tuor arrives through the Seven Gates; Turgon refuses to leave but takes him into his house.
- F.A. 503
Birth of Eärendil
Eärendil is born to Tuor and Idril in the city.
- F.A. 509
Maeglin's treachery
Captured outside the mountains, Maeglin reveals the city to Morgoth.
- F.A. 510
Fall of Gondolin
The armies of Angband storm the city; Turgon, Ecthelion and Gothmog die; Tuor and Idril lead the survivors to Sirion.
Sources
- The SilmarillionQuenta Silmarillion, chapters 15, 16, 18, 20, 23
- Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earthOf Tuor and his Coming to Gondolin
- The Hobbitchapter 3, on the swords of Gondolin
- The Children of Húrinchapter 2, Húrin and Huor in Gondolin
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