The Shire
Also calledSûza, The Four Farthings
The Shire is the homeland of the Hobbits in western Eriador, a green, well-tilled country of farms and villages between the Far Downs and the Brandywine. Founded in T.A. 1601 by a grant from the king of Arthedain, it was largely forgotten by the wide world until Bilbo and Frodo Baggins carried its name into the great events of the Third Age.
Description
The land
The Shire lies in the west of Eriador, some forty leagues from the Far Downs to the Brandywine Bridge and fifty from the northern moors to the marshes of the south. It is a country of gentle contrasts: the chalk of the White Downs in the west, the wooded Green Hill Country in the middle, the rich farmland of the Marish beside the river in the east, and the quiet moors and hills of the north. Its one great river is the Brandywine, which forms the eastern boundary and is crossed by the ancient stone Brandywine Bridge on the Great East Road. Smaller streams, the Water, the Shirebourn and the Thistle Brook among them, wind down through the farthings to join it.
The Shire is divided into four Farthings, North, South, East and West, with Buckland across the river in the east and, from the Fourth Age, the Westmarch between the Far Downs and the Tower Hills. Its chief town is Michel Delving on the White Downs, but its most celebrated village is Hobbiton, with the smial of Bag End beneath the Hill. Other well-known places include Bywater, Tuckborough in the Green Hills, Stock in the Marish, Frogmorton and Waymeet along the Road, and the Great Smials of the Tooks.
The people
Hobbits are the Shire's only inhabitants. They dig holes where the ground allows, build low houses where it does not, farm, brew, smoke pipe-weed and take a deep interest in genealogy and food. Their society is loosely ordered by families and by the old offices inherited from the kingdom of Arthedain: the Thain, who is the King's representative and master of the Shire-moot and Shire-muster; the Mayor of Michel Delving, elected every seven years at the Free Fair; the Shirriffs, a small unarmed police; and the Bounders, who watch the borders. In practice the Shire governed itself by custom, and the office of the King survived only in the saying that a rule was as old as the King's law.
The Shire-folk knew little of the outside world and wished to know less. They did not realise that their long peace was preserved by the Rangers, the last of the Dúnedain of the North, who kept watch on the borders and turned away trouble before it reached the Bounders. Only a few families, notably the Tooks and the Brandybucks, kept up any contact with Elves, Dwarves or the Men of Bree.
Calendar and lore
The hobbits counted years from the crossing of the Brandywine in T.A. 1601, so that the year of the War of the Ring was Shire Reckoning 1418 and 1419. Their calendar was a tidy one of twelve thirty-day months with the extra days gathered at Yule and at Lithe in midsummer. The Red Book of Westmarch, begun by Bilbo and continued by Frodo and Sam, became the chief record of the Shire and of the War.
History
Settlement
Hobbits had lived in Eriador for some three centuries, chiefly around Bree and in the Angle between the Hoarwell and Loudwater, before two Fallohide brothers, Marcho and Blanco, obtained leave from King Argeleb II of Arthedain to cross the Brandywine and settle the empty land beyond. The king asked only that they keep the bridge and roads in repair, speed his messengers, and acknowledge his lordship. Many hobbits followed, and the earlier settlements dwindled as the Shire grew.
Under the Kings and after
The Shire's early years were not entirely peaceful. The Great Plague of 1636 killed many, and the wars of Arthedain against Angmar drew hobbit archers north to fight for the King, though no tale records what became of them. When the North-kingdom fell in 1974 the hobbits chose a Thain from among themselves, Bucca of the Marish, and the office passed in 2340 from the Oldbucks to the Tooks. About the same time the Oldbucks crossed the river and founded Buckland.
Two later crises entered Shire legend. In 2747 a band of orcs under Golfimbul came down from Mount Gram and was defeated at the Battle of Greenfields in the Northfarthing by Bandobras Took. In the Long Winter of 2758 and the Fell Winter of 2911 famine and wolves crossed the frozen river, and only the help of Gandalf and the Rangers, unknown to most hobbits, kept the losses from being worse.
The Bagginses
The Shire's quiet ended with Bilbo Baggins, who went off with thirteen dwarves in 2941 and came back a year later with a fortune, a magic ring and a reputation for oddity. His farewell party in 3001 and the disappearance that followed it left Bag End and the ring to his heir Frodo. In September 3018 Frodo left the Shire with the One Ring, pursued by the Nazgûl, and the country he left behind fell under the control of Lotho Sackville-Baggins and then of Saruman's ruffians. Trees were felled, the Mill at Hobbiton was replaced by a smoking factory, food was carted away, and hobbits who objected were shut up in the Lockholes at Michel Delving.
The returning travellers ended this in November 3019. Merry and Pippin raised the Shire, the ruffians were beaten at the Battle of Bywater, and Saruman was killed on the doorstep of Bag End by his own servant. Sam used the gift of Galadriel to replant the Shire, and the year 1420 was remembered as the fairest in its history.
The Fourth Age
King Elessar declared the Shire a Free Land under the protection of the North-kingdom and forbade Men to enter it. He added the Westmarch in Fo.A. 31, and Sam, Merry and Pippin became Counsellors of the North-kingdom. Sam served seven terms as Mayor, and the Red Book was preserved by his descendants at Undertowers in the Westmarch.
Geography
A green land in western Eriador bounded by the Far Downs and the Tower Hills (west), the Brandywine (east), the northern moors and the southern marshes. Divided into four Farthings plus Buckland and the Westmarch. Chief places: Michel Delving, Hobbiton, Bywater, Tuckborough, Stock, Bucklebury, Frogmorton and the Brandywine Bridge.
Places within3
- Town
Hobbiton is a village in the Westfarthing of the Shire, built along the Water beneath the Hill in which Bag End was dug. It was the home of Bilbo and Frodo Baggins and of Sam Gamgee, and in the last years of the Third Age it suffered more than any other place from Saruman's spoiling of the Shire.
- Region
Buckland is the strip of hobbit country on the east bank of the Brandywine, between the river and the Old Forest. Colonised by the Oldbucks, later the Brandybucks, it was a frontier land whose people were regarded by other Shire-folk as odd for living beside water and locking their doors at night.
- Town
Michel Delving is the chief town of the Shire, set on the White Downs in the Westfarthing. It is the seat of the Mayor, the home of the Mathom-house museum, and the site of the Lockholes in which Lotho's Men imprisoned hobbits during the War of the Ring.
Associated figures
Born in
Ring-bearer
Frodo Baggins
HobbitsFrodo Baggins, Bilbo's heir, was the Ring-bearer who carried the One Ring from the Shire to the fire of Mount Doom. Wounded in body and spirit by the journey, he saved the Shire but could not enjoy it, and sailed into the West with the last of the Elves.
The ShireThain of the Shire
Peregrin Took
HobbitsPeregrin Took, youngest of the Fellowship, was the heir of the Thain whose curiosity drew Sauron's eye through the palantír and whose loyalty saved Faramir from the pyre. He fought at the Black Gate, roused the Tookland against the ruffians, and ruled the Shire as its thirty-second Thain.
The Shire- Hobbits
Bandobras Took, the Bullroarer, was the giant among hobbits who could ride a horse and who broke an Orc invasion at the Battle of Greenfields in T.A. 2747, knocking the head from the goblin-king Golfimbul. He was the only hobbit warrior of legend before the War of the Ring.
The Shire Mistress of Bag End (briefly)
Lobelia Sackville-Baggins
HobbitsLobelia Sackville-Baggins, born a Bracegirdle of Hardbottle, spent eighty years coveting Bag End and feuding with Bilbo, only to be imprisoned by her own son's ruffians when she attacked them with her umbrella. Released a heroine, she gave Bag End back to Frodo and her fortune to the homeless.
The ShireMistress of Bag End
Rose Cotton
HobbitsRose Cotton of Bywater, the farmer's daughter whom Samwise Gamgee thought of on the road to Mordor, became his wife, the mistress of Bag End and the mother of thirteen children. Her death after sixty-two years of marriage set Sam on his last journey to the Havens.
The Shire
Visited
Wizard
Gandalf
IstariGandalf, called Olórin in Valinor and Mithrandir by the Elves, was the wisest of the Istari, a Maia sent by the Valar to rouse the free peoples against Sauron. Bearer of Narya, the Ring of Fire, he uncovered the Necromancer, set the quest of Erebor in motion, unmasked the One Ring, led the Fellowship, died against the Balrog of Moria and returned as Gandalf the White to guide the West to victory in the War of the Ring, after which he sailed into the West.
None; a wanderer through the West of Middle-earthKing of Angmar
The Witch-king of Angmar
NazgûlThe Witch-king was the greatest of the Nine Ringwraiths, a king and sorcerer of the Second Age who took one of the Nine Rings and became Sauron's deadliest servant. As King of Angmar he destroyed the North-kingdom of Arnor; as Lord of Minas Morgul he ended the line of Gondor's kings; and as the Black Captain he led the hunt for the Ring and the assault on Minas Tirith, where Éowyn and Merry fulfilled Glorfindel's prophecy and destroyed him.
Angmar; later Minas MorgulCounsellor of King Théoden
Gríma Wormtongue
RohirrimGríma son of Gálmód, called Wormtongue, was the counsellor of King Théoden who secretly served Saruman and poisoned the king's mind and body until Gandalf exposed him. Driven from Edoras, he became Saruman's wretched servant in Orthanc and in the Shire, and at the very end of the War of the Ring he cut his master's throat on the doorstep of Bag End and was shot by hobbit archers.
RohanLieutenant of Dol Guldur
Khamûl
NazgûlKhamûl the Easterling was the second of the Nine Ringwraiths after the Witch-king, and the only one besides him whose name survives. He commanded Dol Guldur from T.A. 2951, was the Black Rider who came closest to Frodo in the Shire, and perished with the rest of the Nine in the fire of Mount Doom.
Dol GuldurLord of the Mearas
Shadowfax
MearasChief of the Mearas, the great horses of Rohan, and the swiftest horse of his day. Taken from Théoden's herds by Gandalf in T.A. 3018 and afterwards given to him outright, he carried the wizard across half of Middle-earth in the War of the Ring, and alone of all beasts stood unmoved before the Witch-king at the broken gate of Minas Tirith.
Rohan- Noldor
Gildor Inglorion, a Noldo of the House of Finrod, led the company of wandering Elves who met Frodo, Sam and Pippin in the Woody End on the first night of their journey, drove off a Black Rider by their coming, and sent word of the Ring-bearer's peril across Eriador. He passed West with the last riding of the Elves in T.A. 3021.
Wandering; Rivendell and Lindon
Ruled
Head of the Istari
Saruman
IstariSaruman the White, Curunír to the Elves, was the chief of the Istari and head of the White Council, a Maia of Aulë whose great knowledge of craft and Ring-lore turned to pride. He seized Isengard, fell under Sauron's sway through the palantír, bred the Uruk-hai and made war on Rohan, was overthrown by the Ents and cast out of the order by Gandalf, and died a beggar's death in the Shire at the hand of his own servant.
IsengardThain of the Shire
Peregrin Took
HobbitsPeregrin Took, youngest of the Fellowship, was the heir of the Thain whose curiosity drew Sauron's eye through the palantír and whose loyalty saved Faramir from the pyre. He fought at the Black Gate, roused the Tookland against the ruffians, and ruled the Shire as its thirty-second Thain.
The ShireThain of the Shire
Gerontius Took
HobbitsGerontius Took, the Old Took, was Thain of the Shire for over forty years, father of twelve children, friend of Gandalf, and at a hundred and thirty the longest-lived hobbit on record until Bilbo. Nearly every hobbit in the story of the Ring descended from him.
The ShireChief Shirriff (self-styled)
Lotho Sackville-Baggins
HobbitsLotho Sackville-Baggins, the son of Lobelia, bought up half the Southfarthing with Saruman's money, imported Men to enforce his rule and made himself Chief of the Shire, only to become a prisoner in his own hole and to be murdered there by Wormtongue.
The ShireThain of the Shire
Bucca of the Marish
HarfootsBucca of the Marish was the first Thain of the Shire, chosen in T.A. 1979 to hold the authority of the vanished king after the fall of Arthedain. His descendants the Oldbucks held the Thainship for twelve generations before becoming the Brandybucks of Buckland.
The ShireThain of the Shire
Paladin Took
HobbitsPaladin Took, a farmer of Whitwell who unexpectedly became the thirty-first Thain, was the father of Peregrin and the only leader in the Shire to defy Lotho's ruffians, holding the Tookland against them until his son came home.
The Shire
Fought at
- Hobbits
Bandobras Took, the Bullroarer, was the giant among hobbits who could ride a horse and who broke an Orc invasion at the Battle of Greenfields in T.A. 2747, knocking the head from the goblin-king Golfimbul. He was the only hobbit warrior of legend before the War of the Ring.
The Shire Chieftain of the Orcs of Mount Gram
Golfimbul
OrcsGolfimbul was the goblin chieftain of Mount Gram whose raid into the Shire in T.A. 2747 was defeated at the Battle of Greenfields, where Bandobras Bullroarer Took struck off his head with a club. His is the only Orc invasion of the Shire recorded before the War of the Ring.
Mount Gram
Dwelt in
- Beasts and Birds
A half-starved pony bought from Bill Ferny at Bree, nursed back to strength by Sam Gamgee, and taken as the pack-beast of the Fellowship of the Ring as far as the West-gate of Moria. He found his own way home to Bree and was reunited with Sam a year later.
Bree, then the Shire Farmer of Bamfurlong
Farmer Maggot
HobbitsFarmer Maggot of Bamfurlong in the Marish, the mushroom-grower whose dogs terrified the young Frodo, turned a Black Rider off his land, sheltered the hobbits and drove them to the ferry. Tom Bombadil counted him a friend and a hobbit of deep roots.
The Marish, EastfarthingThain of the Shire
Gerontius Took
HobbitsGerontius Took, the Old Took, was Thain of the Shire for over forty years, father of twelve children, friend of Gandalf, and at a hundred and thirty the longest-lived hobbit on record until Bilbo. Nearly every hobbit in the story of the Ring descended from him.
The ShireThain of the Shire
Bucca of the Marish
HarfootsBucca of the Marish was the first Thain of the Shire, chosen in T.A. 1979 to hold the authority of the vanished king after the fall of Arthedain. His descendants the Oldbucks held the Thainship for twelve generations before becoming the Brandybucks of Buckland.
The ShireThain of the Shire
Paladin Took
HobbitsPaladin Took, a farmer of Whitwell who unexpectedly became the thirty-first Thain, was the father of Peregrin and the only leader in the Shire to defy Lotho's ruffians, holding the Tookland against them until his son came home.
The Shire
Died in
Mistress of Bag End (briefly)
Lobelia Sackville-Baggins
HobbitsLobelia Sackville-Baggins, born a Bracegirdle of Hardbottle, spent eighty years coveting Bag End and feuding with Bilbo, only to be imprisoned by her own son's ruffians when she attacked them with her umbrella. Released a heroine, she gave Bag End back to Frodo and her fortune to the homeless.
The ShireChieftain of the Orcs of Mount Gram
Golfimbul
OrcsGolfimbul was the goblin chieftain of Mount Gram whose raid into the Shire in T.A. 2747 was defeated at the Battle of Greenfields, where Bandobras Bullroarer Took struck off his head with a club. His is the only Orc invasion of the Shire recorded before the War of the Ring.
Mount Gram
Founded
Founders of the Shire
Marcho and Blanco
FallohidesMarcho and Blanco, two Fallohide brothers of Bree, obtained leave from King Argeleb II in T.A. 1601 to settle the land beyond the Brandywine and led the great crossing of the Bridge of Stonebows that founded the Shire. Shire Reckoning counts its years from their crossing.
Bree; later the Shire
Peoples
Timeline
- T.A. 1601
Crossing of the Brandywine
Marcho and Blanco lead the hobbits into the Shire under King Argeleb II's grant; Shire Reckoning begins.
- T.A. 1636
The Great Plague reaches the Shire
Many hobbits die in the plague that empties Cardolan and the Greenway.
- T.A. 1979
The first Thain
With the King gone, Bucca of the Marish is chosen as Thain of the Shire.
- T.A. 2340
Tooks become Thains; Buckland founded
Isumbras I becomes the first Took Thain, and the Oldbucks cross the river to found Buckland.
- T.A. 2747
Battle of Greenfields
Bandobras Took defeats Golfimbul's orcs in the Northfarthing, the only battle fought inside the Shire until the War of the Ring.
- T.A. 2911
The Fell Winter
The Brandywine freezes and white wolves enter the Shire.
- T.A. 2941
Bilbo's journey
Bilbo Baggins leaves with Thorin's company and returns the next year with the Ring.
- T.A. 3001, September 22
The Farewell Party
Bilbo vanishes from his own birthday party and leaves Bag End and the Ring to Frodo.
- T.A. 3018, September 23
Frodo leaves the Shire
Frodo, Sam and Pippin set out from Hobbiton with the Black Riders already on their trail.
- T.A. 3019, November 3
Battle of Bywater and the Scouring
The hobbits defeat Saruman's ruffians; Saruman is slain at Bag End and the Shire is freed.
- Fo.A. 6
The Shire made a Free Land
King Elessar forbids Men to enter the Shire and places it under the protection of the Northern Sceptre.
- Fo.A. 31
The Westmarch added
The land between the Far Downs and the Tower Hills is granted to the Shire by the King.
Sources
- The Fellowship of the RingPrologue 'Concerning Hobbits' and 'Of the Ordering of the Shire'; Book I
- The Return of the KingBook VI, chapters 8 and 9
- The Lord of the Rings: AppendicesAppendix B (Shire Reckoning entries), Appendix C, Appendix D
- The Hobbitchapters 1 and 19
See also
Part of
Elsewhere in Eriador
- Breetown
- Rivendellrealm
- Angmarrealm
- Arnorrealm
- The Barrow-downsregion
- The Old Forestforest
- The Ford of Bruinenplace
- The Great East Roadroad
- The Tower Hillsregion
- The Trollshawsregion
- Forochelregion
- Lake Evendimlake
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