Helm's Deep
Also calledThe Hornburg, The Deep, Súthburg, The Deeping-coomb, Aglarond (the fortress in Gondor's days)
Helm's Deep was a gorge in the White Mountains behind the Westfold of Rohan, closed by the fortress of the Hornburg and the Deeping Wall. Helm Hammerhand held out here in the Long Winter, and in March 3019 Théoden and his allies destroyed Saruman's army beneath its walls.
Description
The Deep and the Hornburg
At the north-western end of the White Mountains, beneath the triple peak of the Thrihyrne, a wide green valley called the Deeping-coomb ran back into the hills. At its head the valley narrowed into a gorge, Helm's Deep, from which the Deeping-stream came down. Across the mouth of the gorge the Men of Gondor had built a wall, the Deeping Wall, twenty feet high and broad enough for four men to walk abreast on its top, with the stream passing out through a culvert at its foot. Beside the wall, on a spur of rock called the Hornrock, stood the Hornburg, a fortress with a tower from which a horn could be blown to echo through the Deep. The fortress could be reached only by a causeway up from the valley or by the gate in the wall. Far out in front, across the whole coomb, ran Helm's Dike, an earthwork a mile from the Hornburg that served as the first line of defence.
Behind the wall the gorge wound on into the mountains and ended in the caves of Aglarond, the Glittering Caves, where the people of the Westfold stored provisions and sheltered in war. It was said that no enemy had ever taken the Hornburg.
The name
The fortress was first called Aglarond by Gondor and Súthburg by the Rohirrim; after the Long Winter it was called the Hornburg for the great horn of Helm, and the gorge and the valley took the King's name as well.
History
A fortress of Gondor
The Hornburg and the Deeping Wall were raised by the Númenóreans of Gondor as the eastern of the two fortresses guarding the Gap of Rohan, the other being Isengard. When Calenardhon was given to Eorl the fortress passed to Rohan, and it became the refuge and stronghold of the Westfold.
Helm Hammerhand
In the Long Winter of T.A. 2758 to 2759 King Helm Hammerhand, driven from Edoras by Wulf and the Dunlendings, took refuge in the fortress with his people. The besieged starved through five months of snow. Helm would blow his great horn and go out alone into the enemy's camps in the dark, killing with his hands, and at last he was found frozen upright on the Dike. Legend among the Rohirrim held that his ghost still walked and that the sound of his horn brought fear on Rohan's enemies. His nephew Fréaláf broke the siege in the spring.
The Battle of the Hornburg
In the War of the Ring Saruman sent his whole army, Uruk-hai, Orcs, Half-orcs and Dunlending hillmen, over the Fords of Isen into the Westfold. Théoden, advised by Gandalf, turned aside from the road to Isengard and reached the Hornburg on the evening of March 3, 3019 with about a thousand Riders, joining the garrison and refugees. Through a night of storm the enemy stormed the Dike, then attacked the Deeping Wall with ladders and blasting-fire; a breach was blown at the culvert, the wall was overrun, and the defenders were driven into the Hornburg and the caves. Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli fought on the wall, and Gimli and Legolas kept count of their kills.
At dawn Théoden rode out through the gate with all his horsemen in a last charge, and at the same moment Gandalf appeared on the ridge above the coomb with Erkenbrand and the survivors of the Fords. Between the King's charge and Erkenbrand's foot the enemy broke. The Orcs fled down the valley into a forest that had not been there the night before, the Huorns of Fangorn, and none came out. The Dunlendings surrendered and were spared, to their astonishment.
After the war
The dead were buried in mounds in the coomb, and the Orcs' bodies were heaped under a hill of stones. Gimli, who had marvelled at the Glittering Caves during the battle, later returned with Dwarves from Erebor to found a colony there and became Lord of the Glittering Caves; his people also forged the new gates of Minas Tirith.
Geography
Helm's Deep lay in the mountains south-east of the Fords of Isen, roughly a day's ride west of Edoras. The Deeping-coomb opened northward onto the Westfold plain, and the road from the Fords passed close by its mouth. The Deeping-stream flowed out of the gorge, across the coomb and away towards the Isen.
Places within1
- Cave
Aglarond, the Glittering Caves, were the great caverns behind Helm's Deep in the White Mountains, used by the Rohirrim as a refuge. Gimli was so struck by their beauty during the Battle of the Hornburg that he later led a colony of Dwarves to settle there.
Associated figures
Fought at
Chieftain of the Dúnedain of the North
Aragorn II
Dúnedain of the NorthAragorn II, son of Arathorn, was the last Chieftain of the Dúnedain of the North and the first King of the Reunited Kingdom of Gondor and Arnor. Fostered in Rivendell as Estel, he spent sixty years as a Ranger and a captain in foreign lands before the War of the Ring, in which he guided the Fellowship, walked the Paths of the Dead, won the Pelennor Fields and the Black Gate, and took the crown as King Elessar. He reigned for a hundred and twenty years with Arwen as his queen.
Arnor and GondorThird Marshal of the Riddermark
Éomer
RohirrimÉomer son of Éomund, nephew and foster-son of Théoden, was Third Marshal of the Mark when he met Aragorn on the plains of Rohan and lent him horses against the king's orders. He fought at the Hornburg and the Pelennor, took the kingship when Théoden fell, and reigned for sixty-five years as the eighteenth King of Rohan, the friend of King Elessar and the renewer of the Oath of Eorl.
RohanWizard
Gandalf
IstariGandalf, called Olórin in Valinor and Mithrandir by the Elves, was the wisest of the Istari, a Maia sent by the Valar to rouse the free peoples against Sauron. Bearer of Narya, the Ring of Fire, he uncovered the Necromancer, set the quest of Erebor in motion, unmasked the One Ring, led the Fellowship, died against the Balrog of Moria and returned as Gandalf the White to guide the West to victory in the War of the Ring, after which he sailed into the West.
None; a wanderer through the West of Middle-earthLord of the Glittering Caves
Gimli
LongbeardsGimli son of Glóin was the Dwarf of the Fellowship of the Ring. He walked from Rivendell to the Black Gate through Moria, Lothlórien, Helm's Deep and the Paths of the Dead, became the devoted friend of the Elf Legolas and of the Lady Galadriel, and after the war founded a Dwarf-colony in the Glittering Caves. Tradition says he sailed West with Legolas, the only Dwarf ever to do so.
Erebor; later the Glittering Caves of AglarondPrince of the Woodland Realm
Legolas
Silvan ElvesLegolas, son of Thranduil of the Woodland Realm, was the Elf of the Fellowship of the Ring. A peerless archer and tracker, he walked from Rivendell to the Black Gate beside Aragorn and Gimli, forged the first true friendship between Elf and Dwarf in an age, and after the death of the King Elessar built a ship and sailed into the West with his Dwarven friend.
The Woodland Realm, later IthilienHead of the Istari
Saruman
IstariSaruman the White, Curunír to the Elves, was the chief of the Istari and head of the White Council, a Maia of Aulë whose great knowledge of craft and Ring-lore turned to pride. He seized Isengard, fell under Sauron's sway through the palantír, bred the Uruk-hai and made war on Rohan, was overthrown by the Ents and cast out of the order by Gandalf, and died a beggar's death in the Shire at the hand of his own servant.
IsengardKing of the Mark
Théoden
RohirrimThéoden son of Thengel was the seventeenth King of Rohan, the king whom Gríma Wormtongue and Saruman had made old before his time and whom Gandalf roused to lead his people again. He won the Battle of the Hornburg, mustered the Rohirrim at Dunharrow, and broke the siege of Minas Tirith in the great charge across the Pelennor, where he died beneath his horse after felling the chieftain of the Haradrim.
RohanKing of the Mark
Helm Hammerhand
RohirrimHelm Hammerhand, ninth King of Rohan, killed the Dunlendish lord Freca with a single blow of his fist and so began the war in which Wulf, Freca's son, overran the Mark. Besieged in the Hornburg through the Long Winter, Helm went out alone at night to kill his enemies with his hands, and died standing on the Dike, frozen in the snow. The fortress of Helm's Deep bears his name.
RohanLord of the Mearas
Shadowfax
MearasChief of the Mearas, the great horses of Rohan, and the swiftest horse of his day. Taken from Théoden's herds by Gandalf in T.A. 3018 and afterwards given to him outright, he carried the wizard across half of Middle-earth in the War of the Ring, and alone of all beasts stood unmoved before the Witch-king at the broken gate of Minas Tirith.
RohanLord of the Westfold
Erkenbrand
RohirrimErkenbrand, Lord of the Westfold and master of Helm's Deep, gathered the scattered Rohirrim after the Second Battle of the Fords of Isen and came down over the Dike at dawn with Gandalf and a thousand men to break Saruman's siege of the Hornburg. Under King Éomer he became Marshal of the West-mark.
RohanUsurper King of Rohan
Wulf
DunlendingsWulf, son of the half-Dunlendish lord Freca, fled Rohan when Helm Hammerhand killed his father and returned four years later at the head of a Dunlendish invasion. He took Edoras, sat in Meduseld as king through the Long Winter, and was slain there by Helm's nephew Fréaláf in 2759.
DunlandCaptain of the guard on Helm's Dike
Gamling
RohirrimGamling the Old, a veteran of the Westfold who commanded the guard on Helm's Dike, fought through the Battle of the Hornburg beside Éomer and was the man who recognised the war-cries of the Dunlendings and explained their ancient hatred of the Rohirrim.
RohanDoorward of Théoden
Háma
RohirrimHáma, Doorward of Meduseld and captain of King Théoden's household guard, used his own judgement to let Gandalf keep his staff when he came to heal the king, and proposed Éowyn as ruler of the Mark in Théoden's absence. He fell before the gate of the Hornburg at Helm's Deep.
Rohan- Mearas
The white horse of King Théoden of Rohan, who carried him from Edoras to Helm's Deep and on to the Pelennor Fields. Struck by a dart of the Witch-king, he fell and crushed his master beneath him, and was buried on the field under a mound that stayed green ever after.
Rohan
Died in
King of the Mark
Helm Hammerhand
RohirrimHelm Hammerhand, ninth King of Rohan, killed the Dunlendish lord Freca with a single blow of his fist and so began the war in which Wulf, Freca's son, overran the Mark. Besieged in the Hornburg through the Long Winter, Helm went out alone at night to kill his enemies with his hands, and died standing on the Dike, frozen in the snow. The fortress of Helm's Deep bears his name.
RohanDoorward of Théoden
Háma
RohirrimHáma, Doorward of Meduseld and captain of King Théoden's household guard, used his own judgement to let Gandalf keep his staff when he came to heal the king, and proposed Éowyn as ruler of the Mark in Théoden's absence. He fell before the gate of the Hornburg at Helm's Deep.
Rohan
Ruled
Lord of the Westfold
Erkenbrand
RohirrimErkenbrand, Lord of the Westfold and master of Helm's Deep, gathered the scattered Rohirrim after the Second Battle of the Fords of Isen and came down over the Dike at dawn with Gandalf and a thousand men to break Saruman's siege of the Hornburg. Under King Éomer he became Marshal of the West-mark.
Rohan
Visited
Ranger of the North
Halbarad
Dúnedain of the NorthHalbarad was a Ranger of the North and a kinsman of Aragorn who led the thirty Dúnedain of the Grey Company south in the War of the Ring. He carried Arwen's standard through the Paths of the Dead and unfurled it on the Pelennor Fields, where he was killed.
Eriador
Dwelt in
Second Marshal of the Riddermark
Théodred
RohirrimThéodred, only child of King Théoden and Second Marshal of the Mark, commanded the defence of the Westfold against Saruman and fell at the First Battle of the Fords of Isen on 25 February 3019. His death left Éomer as the king's heir and was the grief that Gríma used to keep Théoden from acting.
Rohan
Buried in
Doorward of Théoden
Háma
RohirrimHáma, Doorward of Meduseld and captain of King Théoden's household guard, used his own judgement to let Gandalf keep his staff when he came to heal the king, and proposed Éowyn as ruler of the Mark in Théoden's absence. He fell before the gate of the Hornburg at Helm's Deep.
Rohan
Peoples
Timeline
- Early Third Age
Built by Gondor
The Númenóreans raise the Deeping Wall and the fortress later called the Hornburg to guard the Gap.
- T.A. 2510
Passes to Rohan
The fortress becomes part of the Riddermark with the gift of Calenardhon.
- T.A. 2758 to 2759
Helm's siege in the Long Winter
Helm Hammerhand holds the fortress against the Dunlendings and dies on the Dike; the place takes his name.
- T.A. 3019, March 3 to 4
Battle of the Hornburg
Saruman's army breaches the Deeping Wall but is destroyed by Théoden's charge, Erkenbrand's arrival and the Huorns.
- Fourth Age
Gimli's colony in Aglarond
Dwarves from Erebor settle the Glittering Caves under Gimli.
Sources
- The Two TowersBook III, chapter 7
- The Lord of the Rings: AppendicesAppendix A II (The House of Eorl); Appendix A III (Durin's Folk)
- Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earthThe Battles of the Fords of Isen
See also
Part of
Elsewhere in Rohan
- Dunharrowfortress
- Edorastown
- Fords of Isenriver
- Entwashriver
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