Edoras
Also calledThe Courts, The Golden Hall (for Meduseld)
Edoras was the capital of Rohan, a walled town on a green hill at the mouth of Harrowdale with the Golden Hall of Meduseld at its crown. Here Gandalf roused Théoden from Wormtongue's influence in the War of the Ring, and here the kings of the Mark were buried in the barrows below the walls.
Description
The hill and the hall
Edoras stood on a lone green hill in the mouth of Harrowdale, where the river Snowbourn came down from the White Mountains into the plain. A dike and a wall of wood and earth encircled the hill, pierced by a single gate, and from the gate a paved way climbed between the houses to the summit. The houses were built of timber, in the manner of the Rohirrim, and a stream ran beside the road in a stone channel from a spring above the town.
At the top stood Meduseld, the Golden Hall, so called because its roof was covered with gold that caught the light and could be seen far out on the plain. Inside, the hall was long and dim, lit by high windows, its pillars carved and gilded and its walls hung with woven pictures of the history of the Mark, among them Eorl on Felaróf at the Field of Celebrant. The King's chair stood on a dais at the far end. Meduseld was the seat of the kings and the heart of the realm, and the door-wardens kept it with the King's spears.
The barrows
Below the walls, on either side of the road, lay the mounds of the kings, nine on the western side for the first line from Eorl to Helm Hammerhand, and on the eastern side the mounds of the second line beginning with Fréaláf. On them grew the small white flower called simbelmynë, evermind, which the Rohirrim planted only on graves. After the War of the Ring an eighth mound was raised on the eastern side for Théoden.
History
Eorl the Young chose the site after receiving Calenardhon from Gondor in T.A. 2510, and his son Brego finished the Golden Hall in 2569. At the feast of its hallowing Baldor, Brego's elder son, swore to walk the Paths of the Dead and was never seen again. The town was taken once, by Wulf and his Dunlendings in the Long Winter of 2758, when Haleth son of Helm died at the door of the hall; Fréaláf retook it the following spring.
In the years before the War of the Ring Edoras was where Gríma Wormtongue worked his influence over the ageing Théoden. On March 2, 3019 Gandalf arrived with Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli, broke Wormtongue's hold, and saw the King take up his sword again; Théoden rode west that same day. Éowyn was left to rule in his absence. On March 6 the King returned briefly on his way to Dunharrow, and Merry ate with him at Meduseld; on March 10 the muster rode past on the way to Gondor. In August 3019 the funeral procession of Théoden came home from Minas Tirith with the great of the West riding beside it; the King was laid in his mound and Éomer was hailed as king in Meduseld, where the betrothal of Éowyn to Faramir was announced at the funeral feast.
Geography
Edoras lay at the northern end of Harrowdale, the valley leading south into the mountains towards Dunharrow. The Snowbourn flowed past its eastern side, and the Great West Road ran by it, linking the Fords of Isen to the west with Gondor to the east.
Associated figures
Dwelt in
Third Marshal of the Riddermark
Éomer
RohirrimÉomer son of Éomund, nephew and foster-son of Théoden, was Third Marshal of the Mark when he met Aragorn on the plains of Rohan and lent him horses against the king's orders. He fought at the Hornburg and the Pelennor, took the kingship when Théoden fell, and reigned for sixty-five years as the eighteenth King of Rohan, the friend of King Elessar and the renewer of the Oath of Eorl.
RohanLady of Rohan
Éowyn
RohirrimÉowyn, sister of Éomer and foster-daughter of King Théoden, rode to the Pelennor Fields in disguise as the Rider Dernhelm and there, with Merry's help, slew the Witch-king of Angmar whom no man could kill. Healed of the Black Breath by Aragorn, she found in the Houses of Healing a love for Faramir that turned her from despair, and became Lady of Ithilien.
RohanKing of the Mark
Théoden
RohirrimThéoden son of Thengel was the seventeenth King of Rohan, the king whom Gríma Wormtongue and Saruman had made old before his time and whom Gandalf roused to lead his people again. He won the Battle of the Hornburg, mustered the Rohirrim at Dunharrow, and broke the siege of Minas Tirith in the great charge across the Pelennor, where he died beneath his horse after felling the chieftain of the Haradrim.
RohanCounsellor of King Théoden
Gríma Wormtongue
RohirrimGríma son of Gálmód, called Wormtongue, was the counsellor of King Théoden who secretly served Saruman and poisoned the king's mind and body until Gandalf exposed him. Driven from Edoras, he became Saruman's wretched servant in Orthanc and in the Shire, and at the very end of the War of the Ring he cut his master's throat on the doorstep of Bag End and was shot by hobbit archers.
RohanLord of the Mearas
Shadowfax
MearasChief of the Mearas, the great horses of Rohan, and the swiftest horse of his day. Taken from Théoden's herds by Gandalf in T.A. 3018 and afterwards given to him outright, he carried the wizard across half of Middle-earth in the War of the Ring, and alone of all beasts stood unmoved before the Witch-king at the broken gate of Minas Tirith.
RohanKing of the Mark
Thengel
RohirrimThengel, sixteenth King of Rohan and father of Théoden, spent his youth in Gondor in the service of the Steward Turgon, married Morwen of Lossarnach, and returned unwillingly to rule the Mark on his father's death. A good king, he restored the realm after Fengel's greedy reign, and the young Aragorn served him under the name Thorongil.
RohanMarshal of the Mark
Elfhelm
RohirrimElfhelm was a Marshal of Rohan who fought in both battles of the Fords of Isen, led the éored in which Éowyn rode disguised as Dernhelm to the Pelennor Fields, and afterward held Anórien against the enemy while the Captains of the West marched on the Black Gate. King Éomer made him Marshal of the East-mark.
RohanDoorward of Théoden
Háma
RohirrimHáma, Doorward of Meduseld and captain of King Théoden's household guard, used his own judgement to let Gandalf keep his staff when he came to heal the king, and proposed Éowyn as ruler of the Mark in Théoden's absence. He fell before the gate of the Hornburg at Helm's Deep.
Rohan- Mearas
The white horse of King Théoden of Rohan, who carried him from Edoras to Helm's Deep and on to the Pelennor Fields. Struck by a dart of the Witch-king, he fell and crushed his master beneath him, and was buried on the field under a mound that stayed green ever after.
Rohan
Visited
Wizard
Gandalf
IstariGandalf, called Olórin in Valinor and Mithrandir by the Elves, was the wisest of the Istari, a Maia sent by the Valar to rouse the free peoples against Sauron. Bearer of Narya, the Ring of Fire, he uncovered the Necromancer, set the quest of Erebor in motion, unmasked the One Ring, led the Fellowship, died against the Balrog of Moria and returned as Gandalf the White to guide the West to victory in the War of the Ring, after which he sailed into the West.
None; a wanderer through the West of Middle-earthMaster of Buckland
Meriadoc Brandybuck
HobbitsMeriadoc Brandybuck, heir of Buckland and organiser of the conspiracy that brought Frodo's friends on the quest, became esquire to King Théoden and helped Éowyn destroy the Witch-king on the Pelennor. He later led the hobbits at Bywater, ruled Buckland as Master, and wrote the Shire's first books of lore.
Buckland
Buried in
King of the Mark
Théoden
RohirrimThéoden son of Thengel was the seventeenth King of Rohan, the king whom Gríma Wormtongue and Saruman had made old before his time and whom Gandalf roused to lead his people again. He won the Battle of the Hornburg, mustered the Rohirrim at Dunharrow, and broke the siege of Minas Tirith in the great charge across the Pelennor, where he died beneath his horse after felling the chieftain of the Haradrim.
RohanLord of the Éothéod
Eorl the Young
RohirrimEorl the Young, lord of the Éothéod, led his horsemen south to save Gondor at the Field of Celebrant in 2510 and received the province of Calenardhon as the reward. He swore the Oath of Eorl with the Steward Cirion, founded the kingdom of Rohan, and was the first of its kings; his people were named the Rohirrim after him.
RohanKing of the Mark
Helm Hammerhand
RohirrimHelm Hammerhand, ninth King of Rohan, killed the Dunlendish lord Freca with a single blow of his fist and so began the war in which Wulf, Freca's son, overran the Mark. Besieged in the Hornburg through the Long Winter, Helm went out alone at night to kill his enemies with his hands, and died standing on the Dike, frozen in the snow. The fortress of Helm's Deep bears his name.
RohanKing of the Mark
Brego
RohirrimBrego, son of Eorl the Young, was the second King of Rohan. He cleared the last Easterlings from the Wold and built the Golden Hall of Meduseld at Edoras, and at the feast for its completion his eldest son Baldor vowed to walk the Paths of the Dead and never returned. Brego died of grief the following year.
RohanFather of the Mearas
Felaróf
MearasThe wild white horse that killed Léod, lord of the Éothéod, and was tamed by Léod's son Eorl as the price of his father's death. He carried Eorl to the Field of Celebrant, lived as long as his master, and was the forefather of the Mearas, the horses of the kings of Rohan.
The Éothéod, then RohanKing of the Mark
Thengel
RohirrimThengel, sixteenth King of Rohan and father of Théoden, spent his youth in Gondor in the service of the Steward Turgon, married Morwen of Lossarnach, and returned unwillingly to rule the Mark on his father's death. A good king, he restored the realm after Fengel's greedy reign, and the young Aragorn served him under the name Thorongil.
Rohan
Ruled
King of the Mark
Helm Hammerhand
RohirrimHelm Hammerhand, ninth King of Rohan, killed the Dunlendish lord Freca with a single blow of his fist and so began the war in which Wulf, Freca's son, overran the Mark. Besieged in the Hornburg through the Long Winter, Helm went out alone at night to kill his enemies with his hands, and died standing on the Dike, frozen in the snow. The fortress of Helm's Deep bears his name.
RohanUsurper King of Rohan
Wulf
DunlendingsWulf, son of the half-Dunlendish lord Freca, fled Rohan when Helm Hammerhand killed his father and returned four years later at the head of a Dunlendish invasion. He took Edoras, sat in Meduseld as king through the Long Winter, and was slain there by Helm's nephew Fréaláf in 2759.
Dunland
Founded
King of the Mark
Brego
RohirrimBrego, son of Eorl the Young, was the second King of Rohan. He cleared the last Easterlings from the Wold and built the Golden Hall of Meduseld at Edoras, and at the feast for its completion his eldest son Baldor vowed to walk the Paths of the Dead and never returned. Brego died of grief the following year.
Rohan
Born in
Second Marshal of the Riddermark
Théodred
RohirrimThéodred, only child of King Théoden and Second Marshal of the Mark, commanded the defence of the Westfold against Saruman and fell at the First Battle of the Fords of Isen on 25 February 3019. His death left Éomer as the king's heir and was the grief that Gríma used to keep Théoden from acting.
Rohan
Died in
Usurper King of Rohan
Wulf
DunlendingsWulf, son of the half-Dunlendish lord Freca, fled Rohan when Helm Hammerhand killed his father and returned four years later at the head of a Dunlendish invasion. He took Edoras, sat in Meduseld as king through the Long Winter, and was slain there by Helm's nephew Fréaláf in 2759.
DunlandLord of the Adorn
Freca
DunlendingsFreca was a rich lord of the western marches of Rohan, of mostly Dunlendish blood, who came armed to Edoras in 2754 to demand that King Helm's daughter marry his son Wulf. Helm killed him with a single blow of his fist, and the feud that followed brought Wulf's invasion and the Long Winter.
Rohan
Peoples
Timeline
- T.A. 2569
Meduseld completed
King Brego holds the feast of hallowing; Baldor makes his fatal vow.
- T.A. 2758
Edoras taken by Wulf
The Dunlending invasion captures the capital; Haleth son of Helm dies defending the hall.
- T.A. 2759
Fréaláf retakes Edoras
Helm's nephew surprises Wulf in Meduseld and kills him.
- T.A. 3019, August
Funeral of Théoden
Théoden is laid in his mound; Éomer's kingship is confirmed and Éowyn's betrothal to Faramir is proclaimed.
- T.A. 3019, March 2
The healing of Théoden
Gandalf frees the King from Wormtongue's counsel and Théoden rides to war.
Sources
- The Two TowersBook III, chapter 6
- The Return of the KingBook V, chapter 3; Book VI, chapter 6
- The Lord of the Rings: AppendicesAppendix A II (The House of Eorl)
See also
Part of
Elsewhere in Rohan
- Dunharrowfortress
- Helm's Deepfortress
- Fords of Isenriver
- Entwashriver
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